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South Bend, Indiana
ZIP codes Area code(s) 574
Time zone EST (UTC-5) Climate Government Education History Demographics Media Transportation Utilities Arts and culture & Other Attractions Museums, Arts and Entertainment Parks and recreation Sports South Bend is a city in the county seat of St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States, on the St. Joseph River. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total of 107,789 residents; its Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 316,663. It is the fourth largest city in Indiana and the economic and cultural hub of the region commonly known as Michiana, and may be best known as the home of the University of Notre Dame. South Bend lies along the Indiana Toll Road at the south-most turn in the St. Joseph River, from which it derives its name. The area was originally settled in the early 19th century by fur traders, and established as a city in 1865. The St. Joseph River shaped South Bend's economy through the mid-20th century. River access led to heavy industrial development that peaked with Studebaker being based in the city, along with Oliver Chilled Plow Company and several other industrial companies. The population of South Bend has declined since its peak of 132,445 in 1960. This is in large part due to the demise of Studebaker and other heavy industry. The 2000 census saw South Bend's population increase 2.2% from 1990, the first gain since 1960. Today, the largest industries in South Bend are health care, education, and small business. A large tourism sector also exists, mainly supported by the University of Notre Dame. South Bend still remains the focal point for Michiana, with the second busiest airport in Indiana, interurban rail service to downtown Chicago, and several large businesses including Crowe Horwath, Bosch and AM General.
South
Bend is located at 41°40'21"N 86°15'19"W (41.672597,
-86.255157).
South
Bend is located 5 miles (8 km) from the Michigan border, and
approximately equidistant from Illinois and Ohio. The city is 93
miles (150 km) driving distance from Chicago. The St. Joseph River flows from the east end of the city turning north near the city center, giving South Bend its name at the bend in the river. South Bend sits on the North-South continental divide, and the river flows north into Lake Michigan. The downtown area is located in the north central part of the city along the St. Joseph River, with Notre Dame, Indiana directly adjacent to the north. The city extends further north on the west side, mainly with manufacturing and distribution facilities near the South Bend Regional Airport. Mishawaka is adjacent to South Bend's east side. South Bend has a humid continental climate, with a Köppen climate classification of Dfa. Lake Michigan has a large effect on the climate of South Bend, including lake effect snow in winter and moderating temperatures year round. June through August are the warmest months, with average temperatures above 80 °F. Normally, 42 days with thunderstorms occur each year. The snowiest month is usually January, with snow fall normally recorded from October through April. On average South Bend receives 81.8 inches (208 cm) of snow per year. Spring and fall are often mild and overcast, with 293 partly cloudy to cloudy days each year. South Bend government follows the mayor-council representative municipal government model. The government operates out of the County-City building in downtown South Bend. The government of St. Joseph county also operates at this facility. The government of South Bend is led by the office of the mayor. The mayor is elected to a four-year term and acts as chief executive for the city government. The legislative branch of the South Bend government is the city council. The council is composed of nine members each elected to four year terms. South Bend is divided into six districts, each district electing one council member. The final three members are elected at-large. Under Indiana state law, the council may pass resolutions and ordinances. Resolutions are in regard to internal council procedures, while ordinances address city municipal codes. The final elected member of the South Bend government is the City Clerk. The city clerk is responsible for maintaining official city records, and providing general clerical assistance to the City Council. University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana - just to the north of South Bend The South Bend area is home to several institutions of higher learning; the most famous of which is the University of Notre Dame. The university is located to the north of South Bend in Notre Dame, Indiana. The University of Notre Dame was founded by Father Edward Sorin, a French priest, in 1842 before South Bend was incorporated as a city in 1865, and has been an intrinsic part of the South Bend area with great effect on its culture and economy. Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College are both located near Notre Dame just north of South Bend. Indiana University South Bend is the third largest campus in the Indiana University system. Enrollment in Fall 2008 was 7,712. Early reports for the Fall 2009 enrollment is estimated at over 8,200 students. Other universities with campuses in South Bend include Brown Mackie College, Ivy Tech Community College of Indiana, Purdue University and the Graduate Theological Foundation. Public schools in South Bend are operated by the South Bend Community School Corporation. The corporation runs 17 primary centers (grades K-4), nine intermediate centers (grades 5-8), and four high schools, serving over 22,000 students as of 2006. The Diocese of Fort Wayne-South Bend operates eleven private Catholic schools in South Bend. South Bend is also home to Indiana's First Charter School, Veritas Academy. A second charter school opened in Fall 2009, founded by the Indiana Schools of Excellence Foundation. There are also several private schools: Trinity School at Greenlawn, recipient of three Blue Ribbon Awards from the U.S. Department of Education, and Stanley Clark Elementary School. The first settlements in the current South Bend area were established as fur trading posts. The first westerner to make permanent settlement was Pierre Frieschutz Navarre in 1820. Navarre arrived on behalf of the American Fur Company. His home was not far from what would become downtown South Bend. Alexis Coquillard, another agent of the American Fur Company, passed through South Bend in 1823 and returned in 1824 with his family to make it his home. At the time, the post was known as Big St. Joseph Station. In 1827, Lathrop Minor Taylor established a post for Samuel Hanna and Company. The area soon became known as St. Joseph's, Indiana as recorded in the Samuel Hanna and Company records. By 1829, the town was growing, with Coquillard and Taylor emerging as leaders. The town applied for a post office, and Taylor was named postmaster later that year. The town was designated as Southold, Allen County, Indiana. The following year, the name of the city was changed to South Bend. This change was in order to ease confusion as several other communities called Southold existed at the time. In 1831, South Bend was laid out as the county seat and as one of the four original townships of St. Joseph County. Soon after, design began on what would become the town of South Bend. The area was incorporated as a town in 1835 and rapidly grew. In 1856 attorney Andrew Anderson founded May Oberfell Lorber, the oldest business in St. Joseph County, and came to compose a complete index of South Bend's real estate records. During the late 1830s through the 1850s, much of South Bend's development centered around the industrial complex of factories located on the two races (man-made canals along the St. Joseph River in South Bend). Several dams were created, and mills were built on each side of the river. On October 4, 1851, the first steam locomotive entered South Bend. This led to a general shift of businesses from the river toward the tracks. In 1852, Henry Studebaker set up a wagon shop in South Bend. Studebaker would go on to become a large automobile manufacturer of the United States. Other manufacturing companies such as the Singer Sewing Company and the Oliver Chilled Plow Company would soon follow suit, and manufacturing would become the driving force in the South Bend economy through the mid-20th century. South Bend also gained from its position on what was known as The Michigan Road, the main north-south artery of northern Indiana in the 19th century. Another significant development occurred near South Bend in 1842, when the Reverend Edward Sorin founded the University of Notre Dame, just north of the town. The University of Notre Dame would eventually contribute greatly to the areas economy and culture. In 1865, a petition was introduced for South Bend to incorporate as a city. South Bend held its first elections as a city on Monday, June 5, 1865. Other industries continued to develop in South Bend in the early twentieth century, including Birdsell Manufacturing Company, the Bendix Corporation, Honeywell, AlliedSignal, the Robert Bosch GmbH, South Bend Lathe Works, the O'Brien Paint Corp., and the South Bend Toy Company. Fast development led to the creation of electric rail transportation throughout the area, and in 1925 and the South Shore interurban streetcar service was established from downtown South Bend to downtown Chicago. On June 30, 1934 The Merchants National Bank in South Bend was the last bank to be robbed by the notorious "Dillinger gang" (also known as the "second dillinger gang") before the rest of the gang was hunted down and killed by the F.B.I. During World War II, the South Bend Blue Sox All-American Girls Professional Baseball League team was formed in South Bend. The team participated in all the league's seasons from 1943-1954. By 1950, more than half of all employment was in the manufacturing sector. Due to economic difficulties, the Studebaker Company closed its automotive manufacturing plants in South Bend in December 1963. A general decline in manufacturing soon followed. By the year 2000 manufacturing only made up 16% of the local economy, and the population decreased by nearly 30,000. In 1984, South Bend community leaders began seeking a minor league baseball team for the city. A stadium was constructed in 1986 and a 10 year player development contract was signed with the Chicago White Sox. The team would be known as the South Bend White Sox. In 1994, the team's name was changed to the South Bend Silver Hawks. The Silver Hawks are currently a Class A minor league affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks in the Midwest League. As of the census of 2000, there were 107,789 people, 42,908 households, and 25,959 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,786.4 people per square mile (1,075.9/km²). There were 46,349 housing units at an average density of 1,198.1/sq mi (462.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 56.05% White, 34.60% African American, 0.41% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 4.87% from other races, and 2.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.45% of the population. In South Bend, about 43% of adults are married. Watch out for that stroller! It's hard to swing a rattle in South Bend without hitting a preschooler. The city is a place where you'll find a lot of people living alone in their apartments or homes. It's not a place just for families. Though it's not a singles bar, single people will feel at home in South Bend; the city has more single adults than most places of its size. Ancestries: Germans (17.4%), Polish (10.6%), Irish (10.5%), English (5.8%), United States (3.9%), Hungarian (3.3%) (U.S. Census). There were 42,908 households out of which 30.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 17.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.5% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.12. In the city the population was spread out with 27.3% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 29.3% from 25 to 44, 18.2% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.7 males. The median income for a household in the city was $32,439, and the median income for a family was $39,046. Significantly, more adults in South Bend have earned college degrees than have people in most other cities in Indiana. Males had a median income of $31,958 versus $23,744 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,121. About 13.6% of families and 16.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.0% of those under age 18 and 9.1% of those age 65 or over. One major daily newspaper serves the South Bend Metro area, the South Bend Tribune. It is distributed throughout the Michiana region and publishes five editions including a Metro edition, Mishawaka edition, Michigan edition, Penn-Harris-Madison East edition and a Marshall edition. South Bend has a wide variety of local radio broadcast available in the area. Stations' programming content contains a wide variety including public radio, classical music, religious, country, and urban contemporary among others.
As of 2008, the South Bend-Elkhart designated market area is the 89th largest in the United States, with 334,370 (0.3% of the US population) homes. Most of the major television networks have affiliates in the Michiana area.
South
Bend located stations include: WNDU-TV's broadcasts has been digital-only since 11:59pm February 16, 2009.
WNIT-TV
(PBS) The station has been serving Michiana since February 1974, when it signed on UHF channel 34. Previously, PBS programs had been offered to the market's commercial stations on a per-program basis, or via cable from WTTW in Chicago. With analog broadcasting ending in the United States in 2009, the station opted to broadcast solely in digital. WHME-TV is a full-service Christian and general entertainment television station serving the South Bend market. The station is owned by LeSEA Broadcasting, also known as World Harvest Broadcasting, an organization founded by Assembly of God minister Lester Sumrall (1913-1996), whose sons are still active with the ministry. The first two letters of its callsign stand for "World Harvest" and it is the flagship station for the World Harvest network. WHME-TV broadcasts in digital on UHF channel 48. It also has three repeater stations serving the Chicago market: WHNW-LP channel 18 in Gary, WHVI-LP channel 24 in Valparaiso and WHCH-LD channel 40 in Chesterton, all in Indiana.
Stations located in nearby Mishawaka, IN include:
WSBT-TV
(CBS)
On
September 14, 2007, WCWW and its sister stations began low-power
digital broadcasts. WCWW-LD broadcasts with an ERP of 15 kW on
channel 25; CW network programming is carried in 1080i HDTV. In September 2006, WMYS became an affiliate of Fox's new sister network, MyNetworkTV. The station is currently branded as My Michiana. WMYS also carries Chicago White Sox and Chicago Cubs games that are carried on WCIU-TV in Chicago. The station also airs the classic television comedies and dramas and retro commercials associated with Weigel's MeTV classic television branding, but it is not branded by that name like it is on their sister stations in Chicago or Milwaukee due to their network affiliation and a good amount of first-run current programming within their schedule. Since channel 69 is out-of-core for post-DTV transition television broadcasting, and LPTV stations are currently under no obligation to cease analog broadcasts, WMYS has obtained FCC permission to move its analog signal to channel 34 sometime after the DTV transition is complete. On September 14, 2007, WMYS and its sister stations began low-power digital broadcasts. Currently, WMYS-LD does not carry MyNetworkTV programming in HDTV. Beginning in January 2008 the station is carried on Comcast South Bend's digital cable lineup on channel 269.
WSJV
(Fox) WSJV is a television station and Fox affiliate on Channel 28 licensed to Elkhart, Indiana which mainly serves South Bend and the communities of Michiana. The station brands as Fox 28. WSJV's studios are located in Elkhart, while its transmitter is located southeast of South Bend. The station is currently owned by Quincy Newspapers. WSJV usually visually identifies itself exclusively as a South Bend station in most promotional efforts, only mentioning their city of license of Elkhart on-screen during hourly station identifications as required by the FCC. South Bend's location around the St. Joseph River has influenced the development of its streets. While it mainly follows a grid layout, development around the river led to roads adapted to follow the river. South Bend is connected to state and national highway systems by Indiana 2, 23, 933, US 20, 31 and by Interstate 80 and 90, the Indiana Toll Road. Original routes of both the Lincoln Highway and the Dixie Highway also pass through South Bend. The Headquarters for the Lincoln Highway Association are in South Bend. For transportation around the South Bend metro area, the St. Joseph Valley Parkway was constructed between 1960 and 1990. The road connects Benton Harbor, Michigan, South Bend, Mishawaka, and Elkhart. While segments are designated as US 20, US 31 and Indiana 331, it is simply referred to locally as "The bypass". The Indiana Toll Road/Interstate 80/90 passes through northern South Bend. Public transportation in South Bend is controlled by Transpo (South Bend Public Transportation Corporation). Transpo operates bus routes between South Bend and suburbs Mishawaka and Roseland Monday through Saturday. In 2006, the Transpo fleet switched to Bio-diesel fuel. South Bend serves as the transportation hub for Michiana. The South Bend Regional Airport lies off of US 31 and the Indiana Toll Road in the Northwest corner of South Bend. The airport connects South Bend to larger hubs including Atlanta, Chicago O'Hare, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Detroit, Las Vegas, Minneapolis, Newark, Orlando, and St. Petersburg, Florida. Over 1,000,000 passengers are served annually making it the second busiest airport in Indiana. As of 2006, land acquisition is underway for 200 acres (81 ha) of development. The electric commuter railroad South Shore Line connects South Bend's South Bend Regional Airport to Millennium Station in downtown Chicago. Due to increased ridership since 2005 between Chicago and South Bend, more cars are being added. Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to South Bend via two trains, the Lake Shore Limited to Chicago, New York City and Boston and the Capitol Limited, to Chicago and Washington, D.C.. A bus line connects from Notre Dame and the airport to Chicago O'Hare and Midway Airports, with several northwest Indiana stops.
Electricity
in South Bend is provided by Indiana Michigan Power, a subsidiary of
American Electric Power. Natural gas is supplied by the Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO). The South Bend Water Works delivers water to residents of South Bend. The water is collected from 32 deep wells and runs through 545 miles of water main to be distributed to South Bend citizens. Culture South Bend was influenced by a large influx of Polish Catholic immigrants in the late 19th century. Dyngus Day is widely celebrated on the Monday after Easter and is known locally to be the beginning of the city elections campaign season. Fat Tuesday is also celebrated in South Bend, with Paczkis being a staple food product in the city for the day. There are twenty-three Catholic churches in the city and surrounding county, eleven Catholic schools, and two Catholic universities-Holy Cross College, Saint Mary's College-adjacent to the city in Notre Dame, Indiana. The World Pulse Festival is held annually in South Bend. The event is an annual Contemporary Christian music festival, attracting more than 50,000 visitors each year.
The
Center for History (Northern Indiana Historical Society) is the
second oldest historical society in Indiana. It was started in 1867
to collect and interpret the history of the northern Indiana region
and started by many leading citizens of St. Joseph County, Indiana.
Copshaholm is one of the central features of the Center for History.
The 38-room mansion was built in 1895 and is currently listed in the
National Register of Historic Places. The home was built by Joseph
Doty Oliver, the son of James Oliver, the founder of the Oliver Farm
Equipment Company, once the largest plow manufacturer in the United
States. The history museum is composed of several buildings on its
campus. It includes areas dedicated to the history of the St. Joseph
River Valley, the University of Notre Dame, the All-American Girls
Professional Baseball League, and the Kidsfirst Children's Museum. Housed in a 1919 dealership, this tribute to the now-defunct Studebaker automobile exhibits over 75 vehicles that span the 114-year history of the company, from the Studebaker family's Conestoga Wagon to the final car to roll off the assembly line.
The
museum began as a collection of wagons and automobiles produced by
Studebaker, including the Presidential carriages of Lincoln,
McKinley, Harrison and Grant. The company donated the collection to
the city of South Bend in 1966. The collection was housed in various
locations from the Century Center to its current location in downtown
South Bend adjacent to the Northern
Indiana Center for History. The two museums share one campus, and
together form The Museums at Washington and Chapin. The Fischoff National Chamber Music Association, sponsor of the world's largest chamber music competition, was founded in South Bend in 1973. The annual Fischoff National Chamber Music Competition is held on the campus of the University of Notre Dame. In addition to the esteemed Fischoff Competition, the Fischoff is also dedicated to enrichment opportunities for regional community children. Fischoff is uniquely able to engage its national pool of Fischoff musicians in reaching more than 6,000 community children every year. Through free programs at schools, libraries and community centers, Fischoff's outreach programs have reached more than 43,700 Northern Indiana and Southwestern Michigan area children and youth, ages 4-18, since 1995. Another dynamic cultural institution is the South Bend Civic Theatre, founded in 1957. For many years it was located at The Firehouse at 701 Portage Avenue. At the beginning of 2007 a new theatre opened at 403 N. Main Street, in what was formerly the Scottish Rite Building. The new site includes a 209-seat Main Stage Auditorium and a 90-seat "black-box" Studio Theatre. The South Bend Civic produces more than a dozen plays per year, including several productions in its Family Series.
Schuyler
Colfax, the 17th Vice President of the United States, is interred in
South Bend City Cemetery. Other Attractions in South Bend, Indiana
The
College Football Hall of Fame The College Football Hall of Fame was established in 1951 by the National Football Foundation (NFF), which oversees the support, administration and operation of the College Football Hall of Fame. Snite Museum
One of
the best university art museums in the U.S., this museum at the
University of Notre Dame features 18,000 pieces including a large
religious collection and works representing the major periods in
world art history. The Century Center Convention Center, managed by Global Spectrum, opened in 1977 and has been managed by Global Spectrum since January, 2007. This convention center overlooks the St. Joseph River in downtown South Bend, Indiana. It features over 75,000 sq ft. of convention space and is home to Island Park, an 11-acre riverfront park attached to the convention center. Century Center Convention Center's 16,000 sq ft. Great Hall is includes a 30 ft glass wall which overlooks the St. Joseph River. Eighteen meeting rooms, with over 35 combinations, complement the overall space. A pre-function area is located on the lower level adjacent to the Great Hall. A two-story high glass wall encompasses the Great Hall, with a view of the St. Joseph River. The Century Center Convention Center also provides access via an enclosed, climate-controlled skywalk to 300-Room Marriott Hotel, connected by an underground tunnel to the College Football Hall of Fame and houses the South Bend Museum of Art.
Near the
Potawatomi Zoo are the Potawatomi Greenhouses and Ella Morris and
Muessel-Ellison Botanical Conservatories. The green houses were
originally constructed in the 1920s, with the conservatories being
added in the 1960s. In 2007 the greenhouses and conservatories were
in danger of closing due to increased operating costs, but a campaign
by the Botanical Society of South Bend was able to solicit funds to
keep the facilities operating.
Renowned
for its rich athletic tradition, the university is a beautiful place
to visit, with such religious attractions as the Grotto of Our Lady
of Lourdes, the park-like setting of its huge stadium and the
abundant artwork.
The
University of Notre Dame's Fighting Irish provide much of the sports
action for the South Bend locale. Football Saturdays have become a
major event for the city, attracting fans who come to watch the game
and tailgate party. Notre Dame basketball games are also popular,
along with the other sports at Notre Dame. Thanks in large part to
the location of the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana
to South Bend's immediate north, the College Football Hall of Fame
was moved from Kings Mill, Ohio to downtown South Bend in 1995; it
will leave South Bend in 2010 and move to Atlanta. In 2005 the franchise nearly moved to Marion, Illinois. A group of investors led by former Indiana Governor and South Bend Mayor Joe Kernan bought the Silver Hawks, keeping the team in South Bend. South Bend has also produced many High School State Basketball Champions over the years, most recently with the success in Girl's Basketball headlined by State Champions St. Joesph's High School (2005-2006) and Washington High School (2006-2007). Washington has also produced one of the top prospects in Girl's Basketball history in Skylar Diggins who has signed a national letter of intent to play for the University of Notre Dame. South Bend houses Michiana's only public competitive Ice Hockey rinks(2)at The Ice Box Skating Rink. Though the area has seen a decline in the sport over the past few decades the high school all-star team known as Team Michiana won the tier-2 State and Districts for the 2008-09 season and made their way, for the first time in the team's history, to Nationals. The rink is also the home ice of the Ice Box Skating Club which is a figure skating club that teaches new skaters basic skills, helps improve on skills for intermediate skaters, and has a competitive group that competes in area figure skating competitions. Each July, the National Baton Twirling Association holds its national competition at the University of Notre Dame. Known as AYOP (America's Youth on Parade), the week-long event brings together twirlers from all over the country to compete for coveted baton twirling titles.
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